Cheese is high maintenance. From production to storage to consumption, cheese demands the full attention of the cheese maker, the cheesemonger and the cheese enthusiast. Cheese is not a food specially developed to have a long stable shelf life; you have to approach cheese storage with more patience (and perhaps a sense of adventure) than you may be used to devoting to other food products.

Some background. From the minute that the cheese maker separates the curds from the whey, cheese is in a continuous state of dehydration. Fresher cheeses such as ricotta or fromage blanc are moist, even runny cheeses. Age a cheese and you get a progressively harder and firmer product like cheddar. Throughout the maturation process, cheese breathes and exchanges moisture with the surrounding air. This process sounds a little creepy, but in fact nurtures all of the various organisms that make cheese so amazing. The take home message here: be ready to commit to your cheese and spend some time with it to foster this process. Treated well, great cheese will be its own reward.

First things first. Cheesemongers repeat this mantra over and over–don’t buy more cheese than you can eat within a few days. Cheese shops have specially controlled refrigeration and the time and know-how to monitor the state of their cheeses, turning the wheels, trimming mould, bathing washed rind cheeses and otherwise maximizing the cheeses’ life span.

Wrapping Cheese. Once you buy a wedge of Cheddar, a hunk of French Cantal, or a gushy Epoisses, what should you do with it? Some cheese aficionados criticize grocers for wrapping their cheese in plastic. Plastic wrap is not totally evil–once you’ve cut a piece of cheese it needs to be protected from losing moisture–plastic wrap can help with this.

Opinions may vary on this point, but my feeling is that plastic wrap for a few days is not going to hurt your cheese. Better though to wrap cheese in porous material like waxed paper, freezer paper or butcher paper that allows cheese to breathe for short term storage.

If all you have is plastic wrap change it every couple of days, or each time you unwrap the cheese.” Fresher cheeses such as ricotta should be stored in a plastic container.

Controlling Humidity. In a perfect world, you would have a cheese ‘cave’ at home where you could store your cut cheese at around 12 degree and 80% humidity. Really, the simplest and most practical solution to the problem of where to store cheese is the refrigerator. Unfortunately, refrigerators desiccate whatever is placed in them. If your refrigerator allows you to control the humidity of some areas, store your cheese in a higher humidity area or drawer. Aged cheeses that have already lost a lot of moisture can handle lower humidity better than younger, moister cheeses, which will lose their character quickly if they’re allowed to dry out. Lacking humidity control, place wrapped cheese in a vegetable bin or other environment (even a large plastic container) that will shield the cheese from your refrigerator’s dehydrating air flow.

Learn to Love Mould. Mould and bacteria are an integral part of the cheese making process; they impart flavour and character to cheese. Soft ripened cheeses (of the Camembert genre) are intentionally sprayed with mould cultures, which leads to the development of the semi-firm rind that preserves the softer insides. Cheeses like cheddar or Stilton, which may be aged anywhere from eight months to several years, form a crusty, mouldy layer on the outside of the cheese that is generally wiped or washed off by the cheese maker periodically as part of the aging process. So if your aged cheese picks up mould while in the refrigerator, simply trim it off and enjoy what’s left. Mould on a softer cheese, however, most likely means that it’s well past its prime.

Other Suggestions:
• Store ‘like’ cheeses together. Parmigiano Reggiano is going to store much differently than a Reblochon or other soft ripened cheese, so it doesn’t make sense to wrap these two up together in the same piece of waxed paper. Aged cheeses are more durable and will store better than softer, fresher cheeses.
• Milder cheeses are best stored separately from stronger cheeses, which can impart their flavours to the milder ones. Blue cheeses should generally be stored on their own as the mould from the blue cheese can particulate over whatever is stored with it.
• Don’t freeze cheese! Freezing destroys its character. If you do freeze your cheese, use it for cooking rather than enjoying on its own.
• Trust your instincts. Ammonia smells, black mould and slimy surfaces are all good indications that your cheese may be too old for consumption. Different people have different levels of tolerance for this sort of thing, but here’s my suggestion: if it grosses you out, throw it out and don’t look back.
• Your results may vary. Remember, good cheese is a high maintenance gem; variables like room temperature, humidity, the temperature inside your refrigerator and the temperature outdoors will all affect the lifespan of cheese. Experiment with what works best.